What is GHB coma?
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a drug of abuse associated with increasing numbers of GHB-dependent patients and emergency attendances often related to GHB-induced coma. Animal studies suggest that GHB induces oxidative stress in the hippocampus, resulting in memory impairments.
What is negativism in catatonia?
Negativism (opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli) Posturing (spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity)
What is the difference between stupor and coma?
Stupor means that only vigorous and repeated stimuli will arouse the individual, and when left undisturbed, the patient will immediately lapse back to the unresponsive state. Coma is a state of unarousable unresponsiveness. It is helpful to have a standard scale by which one can measure levels of consciousness.
What is a catatonic stupor?
To the Editor.— Catatonic stupor, a syndrome marked by isolation, withdrawal, mutism, and characteristic neuromuscular abnormalities such as bizarre posture, rigidity, immobility, and waxy flexibility, is a serious medical problem.
What does GHB do to brain?
GHB is a depressant that occurs naturally in the brain and has sedative and anaesthetic effects. Depressant substances slow down the activity of the brain and other parts of the central nervous system. Other drugs that have depressant effects include alcohol, heroin and benzodiazepines.
What is catalepsy catatonia?
Catalepsy is a state characterised by a patient keeping an uncomfortable, rigid and fixed posture despite external stimulus or resistance. There may also be decreased sensitivity to pain. It is a feature seen in catatonia (see above).
Is stupor worse than Obtunded?
People who are obtunded have a more depressed level of consciousness and cannot be fully aroused. Those who are not able to be aroused from a sleep-like state are said to be stuporous. Coma is the inability to make any purposeful response.
Can you recover from stupor?
Prognosis of Stupor and Coma. In general, if people with impaired consciousness start to respond to sounds, touch, or other stimuli within 6 hours, they are more likely to recover. Recovery is also likely if one or more of the following occur within the first days: Speech returns, even if it is incomprehensible.
What is a catatonic episode?
Catatonia is a group of symptoms that usually involve a lack of movement and communication, and also can include agitation, confusion, and restlessness.