What part of the conduction system is at risk with VSD?
These defects result from embryologic development evolving the endocardial cushion. The conduction system is at risk during surgical reparation due to its anatomical proximity to the atrioventricular node and conduction bundles that traverse along the inferior margin of the defect.
What is inlet and outlet VSD?
Ventricular septal defects may also be described as inlet or outlet VSDs. These terms further describe where the defect is located. Inlet VSDs are located close to where the blood enters the ventricular chamber and outlet VSDs are located close to where the blood exits the ventricular chamber.
Can you see VSD on Echo?
Echocardiography. Color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most valuable tool for diagnosis of VSD because of its high sensitivity, detecting up to 95% of VSDs, especially nonapical lesions larger than 5 mm.
How does VSD affect systemic cardiac output?
Children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) often demonstrate failure to thrive (FTT). Such patients usually have reduced systemic cardiac output which has been postulated as a cause for their growth retardation.
How does VSD affect the conduction system?
VSDs , however large it maybe , usually spares the conduction system . This is simply due to the fact , developmentally the two systems , ventricular septum and the electrical system of the heart comes from different embryological focus and and are simply anchored together.
What causes VSD?
The most common cause of a VSD is a congenital heart defect, which is a defect from birth. Some people are born with holes already present in their heart. They may cause no symptoms and take years to diagnose. A rare cause of a VSD is severe blunt trauma to the chest.
Why does VSD cause CHF?
Children born with a VSD have a hole in the heart wall, called the septum, that separates the left and right lower chambers, called the ventricles. If the hole is large, too much blood is pumped into the lungs, making the heart work harder than normal. This may lead to congestive heart failure.
Why does VSD cause respiratory infections?
In the case of a large VSD, the extra blood flow can increase the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. These are the blood vessels leading from the heart to the lungs. Over time, this can cause more lung problems.
How does VSD affect the conduction system of heart which is dangerously close to it? VSD is the leading cause of congential heart disease . The natural history is hugely variable spectrum , from totally asymptomatic , incidentally detected in childhood to a fulminant cardiac failure and death in early infancy .
What is the other name for inlet VSD?
Other name for inlet VSD is canal VSD. A cleft in the mitral valve is the reason for the associated mitral regurgitation. Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities may be associated.
How often we see conduction defect in VSDs?
It is natural to expect the VSDs to share a close relationship with the conduction system which fights for “equal rights” to occupy the inter ventricular septum , (In spite of a defective septum ! ) How often we see conduction defect in VSDs? It is rather surprising to note conduction defects are not common in VSDs .In fact it can be termed rare .
What is the difference between atrioventricular VSD and outlet VSD?
When there is a complete AV canal defect, a common atrioventricular valve can be present. Outlet VSDs are also called subpulmonic VSD and doubly committed VSD and subarterial VSD as they are located in the right ventricular outflow tract in relation to both the great vessels.