How do you increase FM ratio?
Organic carbon is an essential requirement to grow a strong treatment biomass. Increasing organic carbon loads in a wastewater plant boosts the “F” side of the ratio. This results in a higher F:M value. Many sources of organic carbon can be used to increase F:M.
Why 0.25 N standard dichromate solution is used in the test?
Using potassium dichromate . Most commonly, a 0.25 N solution of potassium dichromate is used for COD determination, although for samples with COD below 50 mg/L, a lower concentration of potassium dichromate is preferred.
What is COD in wastewater?
The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of water and wastewater quality. The COD test is often used to monitor water treatment plant efficiency. The COD is the amount of oxygen consumed to chemically oxidize organic water contaminants to inorganic end products.
How do I lower my FM ratio?
In such cases, controlling Nocardioforms can often alleviate the low F:M symptoms. The F:M ratio in most wastewater systems can be controlled two ways. The first method is increasing wasting in your wastewater system to reduce Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) levels.
What is Mlvss MLSS ratio?
Thus, the ratio of the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids to mixed liquor suspended solids (MLVSS/MLSS) is commonly used to evaluate sludge activity. In municipal WWTPs, the MLVSS/MLSS ratio is often believed to be about 0.75 (Wentzel et al., 2002).
How is MCRT calculated?
The MCRT of an activated sludge process can be calculated by dividing the pounds of suspended solids or MLSS in the activated sludge process by the pounds of suspended solids leaving the activated sludge process (Equation I. 7).
What is difference between MLSS and Mlvss?
MLVSS or MLSS Biological solids are measured in a lab procedure to determine the weight of solids. The difference is the MLSS is total solids weight and MLVSS is the volatile fraction of the total solids (usually just biological solids – but can also include fibers and other organic influent solids).
How is MLSS calculated?
The total weight of MLSS within an aeration tank can be calculated by multiplying the concentration of MLSS (kg/m3) in the aeration tank by the tank volume (m3).
What is the ratio of BOD and COD?
BOD : COD (Chemical oxygen demand) ratio using the formulated seed comes in the range of 0.7-0.8 whereas that using BODSEED comes in the ratio of 0.5-0.6. The ultimate BOD (UBOD) was also performed by exceeding the 3-day dilution BOD test.
How do you reduce COD in wastewater?
You can reduce COD and BOD by adding hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater solution. The hydrogen peroxide will chemically attack the organics in the wastewater, degrading them and reducing the measured COD and BOD.
How is BOD removed from wastewater?
BOD is fairly easy to remove from sewage by providing a supply of oxygen during the treatment process; the oxygen supports bacterial growth which breaks down the organic BOD. Reduction of BOD is a relatively easy and efficient process, and results in sewage of low BOD flowing to the leaching field.
What is a good BOD level?
1-2 ppm
How do you test COD in wastewater?
The COD test uses a chemical (potassium dichromate in a 50% sulfuric acid solution) that “oxidizes” both organic (predominate) and inorganic substances in a wastewater sample, which results in a higher COD concentration than BOD concentration for the same wastewater sample since only organic compounds are consumed …
DO level of aeration tank?
The pH of the aeration tank should be between 6.5-8.5 to avoid stress on the microbial community and for optimal biological activity. Dissolved oxygen levels in the aeration tank must be maintained at 1-3 mg/L for effective treatment.
What causes COD in wastewater?
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is often used to measure organic matter in wastewater, treated effluent, and receiving waters. Residual food waste from bottles and cans, antifreeze, emulsified oils are all high in COD and are common sources of COD for industrial stormwater.
How do I control my MLSS in aeration tank?
The typical control band for the concentration of MLSS in wastewater is 2,000 to 4,000 mg/L for conventional activated sludge, or up to 15,000 mg/l for membrane bioreactors. One of the easiest control procedures for activated sludge systems is the Constant Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids method.
Why is COD higher than BOD?
COD is normally higher than BOD because more organic compounds can be chemically oxidised than biologically oxidised. This includes chemicals toxic to biological life, which can make COD tests very useful when testing industrial sewage as they will not be captured by BOD testing.
What is the F M ratio?
What is an F-M ratio? Simply put, the F-M ratio is a measure of the amount of food, or BOD, that is given to the microorganisms in the aeration tank. The microorganisms are the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids, or MLVSS.
What is the typical value of the F M ratio considered for an ASP process?
0.04 g/g.d.
How does SVI calculate MLSS?
It simply determines the suspended solids concentration of the sample from the aeration tank, in mg/L. Sludge volume index ( SVI ) is calculated by dividing the settleability by the MLSS concentration. The SVI is always expressed in mL/g.
What is a good f M ratio?
0.2 to 0.6
What is MBR in sewage treatment plant?
Overview. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a process that combines a membrane ultra / micro filtration process and activated sludge process. (The MBR process is used in place of the secondary sedimentation tank and sand filter used for tertiary treatment in the conventional activated sludge process.)
Is high COD good or bad?
COD is an indicative measurement of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. COD detection can be used to easily quantify the amount of organics in water. The higher the COD value, the more serious the pollution of organic matter by water.
What should be the MLSS in aeration tank?
The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration is a measure of the total concentration of solids in the aeration tank and includes both inert and organic solids. Typical MLSS concentrations for conventional activated sludge plants range from 2,000 to 4,000 mg/L.
What happens if BOD is high?
The greater the BOD, the more rapidly oxygen is depleted in the stream. This means less oxygen is available to higher forms of aquatic life. The consequences of high BOD are the same as those for low dissolved oxygen: aquatic organisms become stressed, suffocate, and die.
What causes high BOD in wastewater?
IMPORTANCE OF BOD FOR WASTEWATER The higher the BOD value, the greater the amount of organic matter or “food” available for oxygen consuming bacteria. If the rate of DO consumption by bacteria exceeds the supply of DO from aquatic plants, algae photosynthesis or diffusing from air, unfavourable conditions occur.
What is BOD COD and do?
BOD is the amount of oxygen that will be consumed by bacteria or other aerobic microorganisms while decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions. COD measures the amount of oxygen that will be consumed by the chemical breakdown, or oxidation (degeneration) of organic pollutants in water.
What is COD and BOD in wastewater?
COD or Chemical Oxygen Demand is the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized. BOD- Biochemical Oxygen Demand is supposed to measure the amount of food (or organic carbons) that bacteria can oxidize.
What is FM ratio wastewater?
The F/M ratio is a process control number that helps you to determine the proper number of microorganisms for your system. Influent Flow into your activated sludge system (Flow MGD) Influent CBOD (mg/l) concentration into your aeration tank.
What does the ratio of BOD to COD indicate?
If the BOD/COD ratio for untreated wastewater is 0.5 or greater, the waste is considered to be easily treatable by biological means. If the ratio is below about 0.3, either the waste may have some toxic components or acclimated microoorganisms may be required in its stabilization.