How do you calculate the number of X-rays?
x-ray dose is a very good approximation proportional to the square of the tube voltage; so we have: D=g*kV2*mAs/d2 , not linear with the voltage as Hany has answered above. You can calculate effective atomic number (Zeff) for tissues with Phy-X/ZeXTRa.
How is mR x-ray calculated?
The equation, Output (mR) = A × 6.53×10-4 (mR/mAs)(kVp2)-1 × kVp2 × mAs, where A was 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 for single phase, three phases and high frequency x-ray machine, respectively altered the confident and cheap method of patient dose measurement in routine diagnostic x-ray examinations.
What is the minimum wavelength?
According to the electromagnetic spectrum, the order of the electromagnetic waves with respect to their wavelength is as follows: Gamma rays < X-rays < Ultraviolet < visible light < infrared < radio waves. Therefore, gamma rays have the minimum wavelength and the infrared radiations have the maximum wavelength.
How do you calculate mSv?
Since the radiation weighting factor (WR) for γ-rays is 1, the whole body being evenly exposed to 1 mGy means that the whole body is evenly exposed to 1 mSv (1 gray × 1 (WR) = 1 millisievert). That is, equivalent doses are 1 mSv for all organs and tissues.
What is an X-ray OPG?
The x-ray OPG is a two-dimensional dental x-ray and a non-invasive test. It uses a small quantity of radiation to take images of the internal tissues in the body. X-rays are the most commonly used and oldest medical imaging technique.
How is orthodontic treatment evaluated using an OPG?
initial and progressive evaluation of orthodontic treatment (note an OPG alone is not usually sufficient for preoperative inspection or prosthesis measurement) During an OPG the patient remains in a stationary position (seated or standing) while both the x-ray source and film rotate in combination around the patient.
What is technique chart in X ray machine?
X-ray machines that use automatic exposure control (AEC) or anatomically programmed radiography (APR) systems must also have a technique chart. The chart should indicate all the items that a manual technique chart does except the exposure time (which is automatic).
What is the orientation of the X-ray?
The x-ray source rotates from one side of the jaw, around the front of the patient, and then to the other side of the jaw. The film rotates opposite to the x-ray source behind the patient.