What are pre myelinating oligodendrocytes?
Premyelinating oligodendrocytes constitute a population of terminally differentiated cells that are not OPCs but have not yet started to form myelin sheaths. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes, as they are currently defined, were first described in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Can oligodendrocytes Remyelinate?
Surprisingly, they found that new oligodendrocyte production was similar in shadow plaques to those found in the non-diseased brain, suggesting that in humans the mature oligodendrocytes can remyelinate denuded axons.
What would happen if oligodendrocytes were damaged?
Furthermore, if oligodendrocytes become damaged and the myelin sheath is destroyed, the action potential is reduced in velocity or ceases altogether, leading to physical or mental disability.
What does Olig2 stain for?
Olig2 (and Olig1) antibodies stain OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes. However, at least Olig2 is not exclusive to oligodendrocytes. Olig2 also stains a subset of astrocytes, although it is down-regulated postnatally with time such that by P21 in mice, that subset of astrocytes no longer expresses Olig2.
What are Neurolemmocytes?
Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath.
How are oligodendrocytes destroyed?
With time, however, even the surviving oligodendrocytes are destroyed by the recurrent immune attacks. These cells may also die by programmed cell death since they are terminally differentiated and normally excluded from the process of remyelination [47].
Does multiple sclerosis target oligodendrocytes?
In MS, myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are the targets of inflammatory and immune attacks. OLG death by apoptosis or necrosis causes the cell loss seen in MS plaques.
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system. Myelination of axons allows rapid saltatory conduction of nerve impulses and contributes to axonal integrity.
Are OPCs stem cells?
The question is unresolved, as studies continue to find that certain populations of OPCs can form neurons. In conclusion, these studies suggest that OPCs do not generate a significant number of neurons under normal conditions, and that they are distinct from neural stem cells that reside in the subventricular zone.
What is the function of Myt1?
Myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1) is a DNA-binding protein with an expression pattern that indicates a potential role in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation. A six zinc-finger form of Myt1 was cloned based on affinity for a sequence in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene promoter (Kim and Hudson, 1992).
How can I identify oligodendrocytes?
SOX10 is a transcription factor that directs neural stem cells towards the glial lineage. It should be used in combination with other markers to identify oligodendrocytes. We recommend Recombinant Anti-SOX10 antibody [EPR4007-104] (ab180862). Image (left): Rat cerebellum tissue sections stained with anti-SOX10 (green) ( ab180862 ).
What is the function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells?
A guide to markers that label oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the production of myelin, which insulates the axons of the central nervous system. Their function is equivalent to that of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
What is myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein?
Scolding, N. J. et al. Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a surface marker of oligodendrocyte maturation. J. Neuroimmunol. 22, 169–176 (1989). Takeda M, S. B. Arachidonic acid inhibits myelin basic protein phosphorylation in cultured oligodendrocytes.